An XML-based vector image format for resolution-independent graphics on the web
SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) is an XML-based vector image format for two-dimensional graphics that supports interactivity and animation. Developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) since 1999, SVG is an open standard designed specifically for use on the web.
Unlike raster image formats (like JPEG, PNG) that use a grid of pixels, SVG defines images using mathematical equations in XML format. This vector-based approach means SVG images can be scaled to any size without losing quality, making them ideal for responsive web design and high-resolution displays.
SVG files can be created with text editors or vector graphics software like Adobe Illustrator, Inkscape, or Figma. They can be viewed in web browsers, rendered by graphics software, and incorporated into various document formats.
SVG files contain XML markup that describes paths, shapes, text, and images. They support gradients, patterns, filters, and clipping paths, allowing for complex graphics. The XML nature of SVG means it can be manipulated with scripts, styled with CSS, and integrated with HTML documents.
SVG is ideal for logos and icons that need to appear crisp at any size. The vector format ensures that brand assets remain sharp on everything from favicon sizes to billboard displays, and the small file size makes them perfect for web use.
Interface elements like buttons, navigation icons, and decorative illustrations benefit from SVG's scalability and styling capabilities. SVGs can be easily animated and styled with CSS, making them perfect for interactive web elements.
Charts, graphs, and maps are well-suited to SVG format. The ability to script and dynamically update SVG content makes it ideal for interactive dashboards and data visualization tools. Libraries like D3.js leverage SVG for powerful data representations.
SVG supports several animation methods, including CSS animations, JavaScript, and SMIL (Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language). This makes SVG suitable for creating lightweight animations that don't require video formats.
The scalable nature of SVG makes it appropriate for print materials where graphics need to be resized without quality degradation. SVG can be converted to other print formats like PDF or EPS while maintaining vector qualities.
SVG has strong support in modern browsers:
Various software can create, edit, and render SVG files:
SVG is well-supported in web development environments:
| Feature | SVG | PNG | JPEG | WebP | Canvas |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Scalability | |||||
| File Size (Simple Graphics) | |||||
| Photo Quality | |||||
| Animation Support | |||||
| Script Interactivity | |||||
| Transparency |
SVG excels for vector graphics, logos, and interactive elements, while raster formats like PNG, JPEG, and WebP are better for photographs and complex images. Canvas provides dynamic drawing capabilities but lacks SVG's declarative structure and accessibility features.
Vector-to-vector conversion works well with most modern design software. Use "Export as SVG" or "Save As SVG" options in Adobe Illustrator, Inkscape, or similar vector editors. Ensure fonts are converted to outlines/paths if typography needs to be preserved exactly.
Converting from raster to vector requires "tracing" or "vectorizing" the image. Use auto-trace features in Illustrator or Inkscape, but expect to do some manual cleanup. Simple images with clear edges and limited colors convert best. Complex photographs typically produce suboptimal results.
Scan your drawing at high resolution, then use vector tracing software. Adjust tracing parameters for the desired level of detail. Clean up artifacts manually for professional results.
When converting SVG to raster formats, specify the desired dimensions since raster images have fixed resolution. Consider the target use case: higher resolution for print, appropriate web resolutions for digital use. Use software like Inkscape, Illustrator, or online converters.
SVG converts well to other vector formats like PDF and EPS. Use vector editing software for the most reliable conversion. Note that some SVG-specific features (like certain filters or animations) may not translate perfectly to other vector formats.
Simple SVG icons can be converted to icon fonts using tools like IcoMoon or FontForge. This can be useful for web applications that need to support older browsers or prefer font-based icon systems.